Our Moods

Gut feeling: How intestinal bacteria may influence our moods

Researchers beginning to understand link between gut bacteria and mental health

MOUNTING EVIDENCE THAT gut bacteria affect mood and behaviour has researchers investigating just how much power these tiny microbes wield over our mental health.

 "Many people with chronic intestinal conditions also have psychological disturbances and we never understood why," says McMaster University gastroenterologist Dr. Stephen Collins.

 Now, scientists such as Dr. Collins are starting to come up with answers.

 Our lower gastrointestinal tract is home to almost 100 trillion microorganisms, most of which are bacteria. They are, by and large, "good" bacteria that help us digest food and release the energy and nutrients we need. They also crowd out bacteria that can trigger disease.

 But when things go awry in our guts, they can also go awry in our brains.

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Vampire Bat

How vampire bats find blood

HOW VAMPIRE BATS know precisely where to bite to strike a blood-spurting vein close to the skin has always been a mystery — until now.

 A team of American and Venezuelan scientists studying wild vampire bats in South America has discovered a heat-sensing molecule called TRPV1 covering nerve endings on the bats' noses.

 The finding, published in this week's journal Nature, shows how small changes to a particular species' genes can lead to important evolutionary adaptations.

 In this case, it allows the vampire bat to detect infrared heat and zero in on the most blood for the bite, says lead researcher David Julius, a molecular biologist at University of California, San Francisco.

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Sinkholes below Lake Huron hold strange ecosystem: researchers

Sinkholes below Lake Huron hold strange ecosystem: researchers

Twenty metres below the surface of Lake Huron, scientists have discovered peculiar sinkholes where a bizarre ecosystem at odds with the rest of the lake flourishes. The huge lake's freshwater fish shun the dense, salty, oxygen-deprived waters of these sinkholes off northeastern Michigan.

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Scientists create first synthetic cell

Scientists create first synthetic cell

Scientists have created the first cell controlled by a human-made genome — a step closer to artificial life that is drawing both praise and warnings of potential dire consequences. A team from the J. Craig Venter Institute in Rockville, Md., announced on Thursday it had created a synthetic bacterial genome that is a copy of an existing genome. The scientists then transplanted the

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OLG facial scans to help gambling addicts

OLG facial scans to help gambling addicts

Ontario casinos and slots at racetracks are getting ready to introduce a facial recognition system for people who have identified themselves as gambling addicts, hoping to help them stay out of trouble. In a project that has received the blessing of the Ontario Information and Privacy Commissioner, the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation will install facial

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'Fearsome' ancient shrimp had no bite

'Fearsome' ancient shrimp had no bite

Earth's first great predator — dubbed a "carnivorous shrimp from hell" — probably wasn't nearly as fearsome as scientists once thought. In fact, Anomalocaris canadensis didn't have teeth and couldn't even close its jaws, according to new 3-D modelling of the giant shrimp's mouth. Thought to be one to two metres long, Anomalocaris canadensis roamed the seas about 500-million years

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Tiny water flea, many genes

Tiny water flea, many genes

The tiny freshwater flea Daphnia pulex has nearly 31,000 genes, compared to our 23,000. The finding is part of a larger report published Thursday in the peer-reviewed journal Science by members of the Daphnia Genomics Consortium, an international network of 450 investigators who have been working on the project for nearly 10 years. It turns out that while more than one-third of Daphnia 's genes have never been seen

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Cormorant debate: Which part of the ecosystem to protect?

Cormorant debate: Which part of the ecosystem to protect?

Gunshots rang out across Middle Island this month as Parks Canada launched in earnest its controversial five-year plan to protect the Lake Erie island's rare Carolinian forest from a native bird. While officials hope culling the habitat-altering cormorants will save an ecosystem that makes up just one per cent of

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Japan quake hit where seismologists expected it to

Japan quake hit where seismologists expected it to

The 9.0-magnitude earthquake that struck off the eastern coast of Japan Friday happened exactly where seismologists expected it would — about 125 kilometres away from shore, in what is known as the subduction zone between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates. The Pacific plate off Japan's coast is slowly but constantly sliding underneath the North

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Asian carp threat prompts crisis exercise

Asian carp threat prompts crisis exercise

It's not every day emergency response experts gather to test their readiness to deal with a fish. But the Asian carp is no ordinary fish, and so on Friday, a boardroom in the Peterborough offices of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) is being turned into a temporary war room of sorts. It marks the first time government experts have come together to simulate an invasive-species

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Strong salmon hearts may hedge against climate change

Strong salmon hearts may hedge against climate change

Sockeye salmon with the most arduous spawning journeys have the strongest hearts, an adaptation that may better their odds of surviving projected rises in water temperature, say B.C. researchers. Unlike human weekend warriors who risk heart attack with infrequent strenuous exercise, it turns out sockeye salmon are well adapted to their once-in-a-lifetime return to their natal

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Boreal forests ignored in climate change fight

Boreal forests ignored in climate change fight

Boreal forests store more than double the carbon originally thought, yet policy-makers overlook their role in fighting climate change, says a report released Thursday by an international conservation group. "For reasons that are unclear, boreal forests seem to be the carbon the world forgot," write the authors of a report published by the Seattle-based International Boreal Conservation

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Climate change turns conservationists into triage doctors

Climate change turns conservationists into triage doctors

Deep in the wilds of northern British Columbia, people are trying to imagine what the region's forests, salmon streams and alpine meadows will look like by 2050, when climate change is expected to have drastically altered the ecosystem. The Taku River Tlingit First Nation and the province are in the midst

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Rogers faces $10M fine over dropped-call ads

Rogers faces $10M fine over dropped-call ads

The Competition Bureau is seeking a penalty of $10 million against Rogers Communications Inc. for ads claiming that its discount cellphone and text service, Chatr, has fewer dropped calls than its new competitors. The bureau announced Friday that it has begun legal proceedings against Rogers in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice under the misleading advertising

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